Shinai has sides

The 'sides' on a shinai - think it like the sides of a coin. The Japanese term Ura (reverse) / Omote (front) collates nicely with such concept.

You need to be able to distinguish each side when you do below techniques:

1. 'Harai' (knock away)
Self-initiated, straight-line horizontal slap (to create an opportunity)

2. 'Suri-age' (slide up)
Reactive, upward curvature slap (to counteract already-happening attack)

Understanding the meaning 'Front (Men-side)' and 'Reverse (Kote-side)' may become relevant when you apply these techniques with subtly, such as the opponent's built & habit.

If you know the meaning 'front' or 'reverse', you can reason your tactics better because the muscle required for the 'front' side and 'reverse' side action are different.

Ideally you should be able to perform above techniques from both sides, but the Men-side tend to work better in certain circumstance and the Kote-side in another, and you need to figure out by yourself what works best for you, because aside the opponent's habit, you have your own habit/strength for each side and you need to know your own forte in order to make split-second decision for the best possible outcome.

Some opponents hold shinai tilted towards Kote (to guard), then slapping from the reverse (Kote-side) is easier as the distance to catch the opponent's shinai with yours is shorter, whereas if the opponent is holding the centre very strong, slapping from the front is effective to 'break' the defense and get that ippon with Men.

So, be aware of the both side and try to figure out which combination (opponent's attributes + your own habit/ability) works best, the strategy is effective only for you.

Basic cuts order 'wrist-face-body'

Often you would practice basic cuts in a certain way.

It's: Kote - Men - Dou

In English it's: wrist - face - body

And this order normally stays as is because of the simple fact that each target gets progressively further from the attacker.

Wrist - nearest, compact footwork
Face - median, normal footwork
Body - furthest, deepest footwork

This is the reason why we practice these 3 cuts in a particular order and it rarely changes, now you know why.

Aim

Wrist (kote):
the forearm near the wrist where the cylindrical protector is, never hit the hand (risk of injury)

Face (men):
the upper boundary of the forehead or the hairline, not the top of the skull

Body (dou):
just below the right ribcage (from the opponent's view), not the waist on the side

Alternated cut (Kiri-kaeshi) basics

Tips for beginners:

The quickest way to learn Kiri-kaeshi is to memorise the sequence by saying the steps out loud while doing Kiri-kaeshi i.e.

Big Men - cross - 1-2-3-4 (back) 1-2-3-4-5 [continue]
Big Men - cross - 1-2-3-4 (back) 1-2-3-4-5...Men going through + sign-off (zan-shin)

As you see, a standard Kiri-kaeshi comes in two identical units, just the finale at the end of the 2nd unit requires going through & sign-off (zan-shin).

The reason for the backward steps being one extra from the forward steps is because the forward steps is natural to human body by design, whereas doing back steps is awkward and tend to be narrower compared to the forward steps, therefore the back step requires one extra step to compensate this tendency in order to come back to the same spot where you started.

Context:

The alternated cut sequence called 'Kiri-kaeshi' is bread and butter (as well as the Holy Grail) of Kendo practice.

ki.ri = cut
ka.e.shi = flip / alternate (in other context 'kaeshi' could mean 'returning')

There is a saying that "when you mastered Kiri-kaeshi, you mastered Kendo".

Virtually every session at any club in the world come with Kiri-kaeshi exercise, and yet mastering Kiri-kaeshi elude most of us throughout our lifetime.

You should not kid yourself by getting complements from others on your Kiri-kaeshi (consider they're just being polite), as it takes a long time to achieve even a vaguely acceptable Kiri-kaeshi, and you should definitely be suspicious of someone who is overly confident about their Kiri-kaeshi quality.


Importance:

Once you learnt the basic Kiri-kaeshi sequence, in theory you could practice with anyone regardless of their grade, be it a beginner or a 8th-dan sensei.

And not only you can practice your own Kiri-kaeshi, for the first time you can mutually benefit other people by taking the lead (receiver) role during Kiri-kaeshi practice.

Although there are myriad of variations of Kiri-kaeshi, these still retain more or less the same structure. Learn the one your club uses first and be flexible when you practice Kiri-kaeshi with people from other club.

Valid score (Ippon) - without hitting the target?

Yes.

Is the short answer.

Of course it is absolutely ideal if the shinai hit bang on the target and the flags go up, but it is also quite common that a player is awarded an Ippon even though their shinai is clearly not hitting the target.

Why?

It is down to "how convincing" their Spirit-Sword-Posture (Ki-Ken-Tai) was in the right moment of a given combating narrative.

The referee will award an Ippon for the demonstration of the prowess in the tactical judgement & execution of the technique, (crucially) in the *given* combating context.

The idea is that, the player don't need to provide a physical evidence (hitting) in a close match, but the one who can demonstrate their prowess better than their opponent will get an Ippon.

If a strike is launched in the right context with convincing enough power and form, that counts as an Ippon, even if the shinai is not physically touching the target.

Hence the same strike with different opponent - or even with the same opponent in a different combating scenario - may not bring the same result.

And remember, this criteria applies to everyone; this may benefit your opponent one time but it might benefit you in another.

The best (and perhaps the only) strategy to avoid such a 'phantom-Ippon' taken from you, is to make your Kendo totally convincing.

The phantom-Ippon occurs only when your performance is not convincing enough in contrast to your opponent. Maybe it's the strategy or the timing, or poor Zan-shin. So never take it out on the referee.

Yes, there are inexperienced referees, but they have to start from somewhere, also you might be refereeing one day and other people may not agree with you. What goes around, comes around. We're all leaning.

If you cannot convince inexperienced referees, you just got to make your Kendo totally unarguable even for the inexperienced referees, that's all.

So, no "booing" please during the up coming 16th World Kendo Championship.

Such unsophisticated behaviour should remain inside you. It's OK to feel the high spirit, but you really don't need to share it with people around you as Kendo is not a spectator sports (though often misunderstood so).

If a match developed in a certain way, players and the audience should calmly take it as is. That's part of self-control.

If simply 'hitting' is paramount, that's a stick fight which is nothing to do with the swordmanship that Kendo is aiming to promote.

Yes, it might feel unfair sometimes, but you need to be disciplined to take it on the chin and focus on making your Kendo totally convincing.